Forecasting Inflation and the Inflation Risk Premiums Using Nominal Yields
نویسندگان
چکیده
Bank of Canada working papers are theoretical or empirical works-in-progress on subjects in economics and finance. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors. No responsibility for them should be attributed to the Bank of Canada. Abstract We provide a decomposition of nominal yields into real yields, expectations of future inflation and inflation risk premiums when real bonds or inflation swaps are unavailable or unreliable due to their relative illiquidity. We combine nominal yields with surveys of inflation forecasts within a no-arbitrage model where conditional expectations are latent but spanned by the history of the observed data, analog to a GARCH model for the conditional variance. The filtering problem is numerically trivial and we conduct a battery of out-of-sample comparisons. Our favored model matches the quarterly inflation forecasts from surveys and uses the information in yields to produce the best monthly forecasts. Moreover, we restrict the distribution of the inflation Sharpe ratios to achieve economically reasonable estimates of the inflation risk premium and of the real rates. We find that the inflation risk premium (i) is positive on average, (ii) rises when the unemployment rate increases and (iii) when the level of interest rates decreases. Hence, real yields are more pro-cyclical than nominal yields due to variations of the inflation risk premiums. Résumé Les auteurs proposent de décomposer les taux de rendement nominaux en trois éléments – taux réels, inflation anticipée et primes de risque d'inflation – lorsqu'il n'existe pas d'obligations ou de swaps indexés sur l'inflation ou que les données ne sont pas fiables en raison de l'illiquidité relative de ces instruments. Ils combinent les prévisions d'inflation recueillies par enquête aux rendements nominaux dans le cadre d'un modèle fondé sur l'absence d'arbitrage où les anticipations conditionnelles sont latentes mais dépendent des observations passées, à la manière de la variance conditionnelle dans un modèle GARCH. Le problème de filtrage est simple numériquement, ce qui permet aux auteurs de comparer entre elles un grand nombre de prévisions hors échantillon. Leur modèle parvient à reproduire les prévisions d'inflation trimestrielles tirées d'enquêtes, et c'est aussi celui qui fournit les meilleures prévisions mensuelles grâce à l'information extraite des taux nominaux. Les auteurs imposent en outre des restrictions à la distribution des ratios de Sharpe associés au risque d'inflation pour obtenir des estimations économiquement raisonnables de la prime de risque d'inflation et des taux réels. Ils constatent que la prime est positive …
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تاریخ انتشار 2012